An In-Depth Analysis of the Latest Film Inland Empire by David Lynch Free Essay Example, 1750 words

In a general evaluation of Lynch s works, the critics often identify a significant connection between the feeling of optimism and the openness to critical freedom. According to the most recent critics of his works, the complexities of his works can be very well situated within the critical frame of post-modernism. A profound understanding of the cultural contexts and inter-texts within which Lynch s works are situated and his intensive creative engagement with the specific working practices of his industry can be valuable in realizing the effect of his new film Inland Empire, which is a manifestation of the creativity of the director. Significantly, he encourages a reconsideration of the periodicity of cinema, though his excessive attention to the complete range of working practices at his disposal. In a reflective analysis of the film Inland Empire, one becomes aware of the sources of Lynch s own creativity as well as his role in a twenty-first-century cinema, which is more in a s tate of becoming than of having been. In this respect, one of the most important features of Lynch s work is his continuing engagement with the noir aesthetic. We will write a custom essay sample on An In-Depth Analysis of the Latest Film Inland Empire by David Lynch or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page All through his career in film industry, he has stressed the importance of image, sound, and music, which are evident in his earliest film shorts such as The Grandmother, the break-out surrealist feature Eraserhead, the hit TV series Twin Peaks, the Oscar-nominated The Elephant Man, Blue Velvet, and his most recent films Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire.

Why Negotiations Occur Within An Organization - 1124 Words

Introduction This research paper pursues two aims. First is to illustrate why negotiations occur within an organization. This will be done through examining the dimensionality of negotiation and dispute resolution. Second is to address some of the challenges of negotiating. Included as a part of this, is an analysis of the different tones and styles to adopt when negotiating, which may aid towards overcoming these challenges. The main aim of this research is to outline the issues and broadly develop the argument and evidence in support of each party’s position towards trying to achieve a win-win solution. Abstract Negotiation occurs as a resolution process towards managing conflict effectively and efficiently within an organization.†¦show more content†¦First type of employment contract Conflict may also bear as a result of the very nature of the work organization, a battle of ideas that takes place where implications may occur. This perspective is relevant to a debate surrounding the promotion of the ‘psychological contract,’ which is seen as the ‘perception of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other’ (Guest, D. and Conway, N.). The psychological contract consists of the expectations that employees have with their employing organizations. The implications of this are implicit. The complexity of this contract leaves room for misinterpretations, however, ensuring that the terms and conditions have been made clear through open and honest discussions with mutual expectations and obligations will limit the conflict. Second type of employment contract The other type of contract, the employment relationship, Kevin Kelloway explains as, ‘a form of work that is performed under contractual arrangements that involves material rewards’ (Kelloway, K.). This allows for a level of managerial control towards forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Entering into an employment relations, the employer ‘buys the employees capabilities to work,’ known as, labour power, this takes the notion of Marx’s formulation. Whereby he developed the theory that

Should Gmos Be Considered Part Of A Sustainable Food System

What are Genetically-Modified Foods? Genetically-Modified Foods, commonly known as GMOs, are crop plants that have been created for human and animal consumption by genetic engineering techniques of biotechnology. These crop plants have been modified in a lab to create a desired trait that has been undertaken through breeding methods. Lately, there has been major controversy and disputes on if GMOs are a solution or a problem in today’s society. Now, a question for debate is, should GMOs be considered part of a sustainable food system? Sustainability can be defined as the ability of something to be maintained or to endure itself, and takes what we, as people need to live now, without jeopardizing the needs of people in the future. GMOs have been around for years and until just recently, people are becoming concerned with them and saying they pose a serious threat to the environment as well as human health risks. On the other hand, some believe that these products are healthy and beneficial for the environment and have a great nutritional quality. I believe GMOs are both health and environmental hazards and are not benefiting society. They pose a threat for the future of food and farming all over the world. For GMO activists like Monsanto, the products they produce are healthy for the environment and are a primary component in ending world hunger. Even after hundreds of studies containing trillions of meals consisting of GMO ingredients, there has never been oneShow MoreRelatedMonsanto1132 Words   |  5 PagesMonsanto a sustainable agriculture company. Monsanto Company is a publicly traded American multinational agricultural corporation headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Founded in 1901 by John Francis, by the 1940s it was a major producer of plastics, including polystyrene and synthetic fibers. Monsanto has become the world leader in genetically modified organisms. Present in 46 countries, leader in biotechnology produces 90% of GMOs grown worldwide (soybean, rapeseed, cotton, corn, etc..) andRead MoreThe Effects Of Food On Society s Influence On Culture1591 Words   |  7 Pages Food has always had a significant influence on culture. As populations increased, societies began to function with the assumption that they must become more self-reliant to survive. At first, this simply began with cultures settling into an area and beginning to practice farming. Nonetheless, the pressure caused by growing families eventually spurred even greater innovations; pasteurization, canning, and genetic modification are all technologies wh ich have enabled safer and more reliable food. HoweverRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs much as food is a cultural obsession nowadays in America, food, safety, and public health is something that has not always been a priority within the development as a nation. The Food and Drug Administration, which ensures that the food and drugs we ingest are â€Å"safe, wholesome, and sanitary† was only created in 1906 (FDA, 2014) as a byproduct of Upton Sinclair’s book (which was released the same year) â€Å"The Jungle†, which had exposed the meat packing industry for misconduct and unhygienic conditionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Food On Society s Influence On Culture1415 Words   |  6 Pages From the very beginning, food has always had a significant influence on culture. As populations increased, many societies began to function around the assumption that they must be more involved in their food to survive. Though this began wit h simply growing and harvesting food, the pressure caused by growing families spurred even greater innovations. Pasteurization, canning, and genetic modification are all technologies that have enabled safer and more reliable food for civilizations. However, theseRead MoreThe Effects Of Agriculture On The Environment1561 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional to a now modern, intensive system. (Natural Resources Management and Environment Department ) In the 20th century, the intensified agriculture began to affect the environment, decrease the food quality and treat animals badly. Farmers are now under great pressure to become more efficient to maximize their profits and production through more specialization and bigger machines. (Friesen) For example, in the past 7000 plant species were collected for food, however today we only use 15 plantRead MoreWorld Resources And Unequal Distribution950 Words   |  4 Pagesmost poorest and unindustrialized parts of the world. This can be due to factors such as hostile terrorists, lack of transportation, lack of basic necessities and so forth. Unequal distribution of resources is not just a world issue but the reason why this exists is because literally, resources are used more than what is produced and it cannot uphold the current population of over seven billion. The issues concerning unequal distribution of resources towards poor parts of the world won’t stop othersRead MoreGmo Labelling And A Ban On Certain Gmo Crops2224 Words   |  9 PagesCoss 3 for GMO labelling and possibly a ban on certain GMO crops, because our lives, our species, and our generation, are not the only things being affected by this infestation of ignorance. Life is sacred. As individuals, we will go through great lengths to preserve life in any way possible. Healthcare workers probably know this best because they have dedicated their own lives to saving others. We wouldn’t be able to save as many lives if science wasn’t equally sacred. Scientific studies need toRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Organisms? Essay2106 Words   |  9 Pages1. What are GMOs? GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism. The term GMO usually refers to the products of plant breeding using biotechnology (genetic engineering), which allows crop breeders to transfer desirable trait such as resistance to drought or salinity, pests, weeds, and disease, from one plant or organism to the plant they want to improve, as well as changing an existing trait in a plant species that they are developing. 2. How were GMOs developed? Genes could be added, movedRead MoreCsr And Product Lifecycle And Its Components Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment, production, operation, maintenance, support, and final disposition of a major system over its anticipated useful life span†. (Hassn, Zaina, 2014) There is much to be studied here in that the product has a lasting cost for generations to come; if the price isn’t paid now, it will be in the future type thinking. The costs that the product lifecycle is imposing on the earth should be considered in the product price. Nike has tackled the product lifecycle cost head on. The company hasRead MoreIntroduction Of Chobani Greek Yogurt2451 Words   |  10 PagesGreek Yogurt was founded in 2005 by Hamdi Ulukaya, who discovered an unmet demand of healthy, sustainable, and tasty yogurt. He also felt that American yogurt was â€Å"too sugary and watery† (Ulukaya, 2013). Therefore, Hamdi founded Chobani with the goals of making socially responsible, de licious, and healthy yogurt accessible to all, regardless of income or location (Cleveland, 2013). Their ideal is that â€Å"every food maker has the responsibility to provide people with better options†, and Hamdi insists; â€Å"if

Quality Improvement Proposal - 1567 Words

As a hospital, quality care should be a priority for patients that are going to be treated for a sickness, or any type of procedure that is going to take place. A lot of times a patient gets an infection while they were at the hospital, on top of being treated for what they original came in for. Health facilities should be environments of healing, which they are, but they also have tons of various types of germs and infections, which grasp onto individuals that have weak immune systems/are sick. Some infections that are at hospitals are Tuberculosis, VRE, VAP, C-Diff, UTI, and MRSA. Preventive measures to stop the spread of the infections is lacking tremendously in the work and aim to provide safety for all patient’s health. The work†¦show more content†¦Among reviewing CNAs at a long-term care facility, it was seen that some CNA’s did not take off their gloves between giving perineal care of a patient after the patient used the bathroom and the CNA reached for the patient’s attire to put on the patient for that day. The CNA put every patient at risk of contracting the infection and the patients clothes could have became a source of C-diff. There are many cases similar to the one above where health workers are in a rush and do not perform their job/skills that they have been taught correctly. Health workers being in a rush also is due to shortage of staff. The CNAs at the long term facility discussed in this paragraph work a 9:1 ratio, which causes challenges for the health workers to give quality care to the patients. This paragraph explains ways to prevent infections contracted from hospitals. The number one way to lower the spread of infections contracted through a hospital is correct sanitation customs. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a federal government agency has come up with guidelines in order to safeguard against the expansion of infections and diseases for patients and the workers (Hedman, 2010). It is mandatory for administrators of hospitals to write a disclosure policy to protect the workers from infections like Hepatitis B and other infections and bad bacteria. Minimizing infections that the workers have can aid in stopping the spread ofShow MoreRelatedThe Quality Improvement Proposal Of Implementing A Safety Plan2986 Words   |  12 Pagespast decade, inpatient admissions for pediatric patients have significantly increased by 68% due to the exhibition of self-injurious behaviors and increased suicidal ideation (YoungMinds, 2015). The focus of this paper is to introduce the quality improvement proposal of implementing a safety plan for staff to adhere to in order to promote ultimate patient safety on an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric unit. The following information will also reflect the practice and challenges of the psychiatricRead MoreQuality Improvement Proposal Paper Part 11968 Words   |  8 PagesNURS 410 6380 Applying Evidence-Based Practice in Nur sing (2155) Assignment #4 Quality Improvement Proposal Paper Part 1 Helen Viban RN – BSN Program UMUC After the interview with my nurse manager, I came up with the PICO question which states: â€Å"Does the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system reduce the number of medication errors compared to the common paper system being used today?† This question is important and I selected it because the population that the Belvoir CommunityRead MorePartnership For Patients ( Pfp )1481 Words   |  6 Pagesfunding through Medicare for a dual program to reduce hospital readmissions and transition care services. Since its founding, PfP has been quietly collaborating with many other federal agencies and offices to reduce readmissions and improve healthcare quality. Having pushed the concept of a public-private partnership, PfP aims to engage 100 percent of the eligible U.S. acute care medical centers to make hospital care safer, more reliable, and less costly. Eligible hospitals are those with a high readmissionRead MoreQuality Management Proposal Essay632 Words   |  3 PagesBJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Learning Team B Christie Bryant, John Deprimo, Kareemot Olorunoje, Ammy Solis, Michael Willis, and Patrice Wills MGT/420 Kathryn Kendall November 5, 2012 BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Introduction As a manufacturer of high-end compact disc changers for the automobile aftermarket, BJB manufacturing currently has no quality program. The organization needs a strategy for improving business performance through the commitment and involvementRead MoreConsidering The Spanish Country Perspective1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe proposal Considering the Spanish country perspective and the theory regarding the information needs and dissemination towards the performance improvement of the health systems, the proposal involves the availability of the performance indicators in differentiated ways by the publishing of the report at three different levels: Government, Regional and Public. To embrace key stakeholders transversally across the EU countries, it was possible to identify three broad levels that will comprise differentRead MoreTraffic Congestion Everywhere in New York840 Words   |  3 Pagesbillions of dollars annually and causing health problems for its citizens, thus diminishing the quality of life of its citizens. The congestion issues in NYC have been raised because there are lots of traffic jam, wasted time, and emission. Traffic jams from congestions can levy the costs to the area more than $13 billion dollars every year (‘PlaNYC 2030’, www.NYC.gov). Because of those issues, quality of citize n’s life has been deteriorated (www.transportfutures.ca). Thus, the New York City mayorRead MoreEmergency Department Bottleneck1309 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Joyan Thomas University of Phoenix Online OPS/HC 571 Patience McGee March 7, 2011 Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Introduction Most hospitals experience the affects of the unexpected, ambiguity and uncertainty, and as a result, face challenges with quality. Middletown Hospital is a 200-bed general not-for-profit hospital. The hospital has a 20-bed Emergency Department (ED). It averages 100 patients per day. The CEO of the hospitalRead MoreThe National Environmental Policy Act Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesvast ecosystems surrounding them. To obtain this goal and provide our future with resources as well, NEPA is separated into two titles. The first title declares the policy in detail while the second title focuses on the Council on Environmental Quality. The CEQ oversees the effectiveness of current methods, the reactions of the environment to those methods, and implements revisions as necessary. In Title I of NEPA, our government recognizes the immutable link between mankinds dealings and theRead MoreVendor Selection Process Redesign Proposal For Procurement1046 Words   |  5 Pagesredesign proposal for procurement The purpose of this proposal is to improve or change the vendor selection process to purchase of goods and services from Third Party Company for production of company products. In the company, the vendor selection process is managed by a project manager with the help of purchasing department. This includes the following process: †¢ Identification of potential vendors †¢ Request for proposal †¢ Evaluate response. †¢ Select vendor after negotiation. But in this proposal, theRead MoreThe For The Spanish Health Care System Perspective1382 Words   |  6 PagesTo develop a proposal about the extent of the diffusion of the Report Card is necessary to consider the Spanish health care system perspective, which will be appropriate for other decentralised countries like Sweden and Italy, but also to develop a proposal that can be suitable for other’s country within the EU. Health System Background Reformed into a tax-funded national health system (Sistema Nacional de Salud, SNS) during the 70-80s, this health system is considered as a complex but fruitful

When You Cant Sleep at Night free essay sample

Pretty little lady, with your swollen eyes, would you show them to me? I let the voice of Austin Carlile flow into my mindfrom my earbuds as I sat on my bed and stared out the window. The cold seeped into my body through the window that separated my tear ­stained face from the snow softly floating to the ground. I shoved my fist into my mouth to stifle the next sob as it tore its way up to my lips from deep down in my stomach.As I sat alone in the dark, I allowed myself to wallow in self ­pity, my insecurities gnawing at my every thought. Around the time of my sixteenth birthday, I realized that I didn’t just like boys? I liked girls too.For months after my realization, i could barely sleep.I would lie awake for hours, upset and afraid because the attraction I felt for men and women confused me and left me feeling wrong, like there was something inside of me that was messed up and needed to be fixed. We will write a custom essay sample on When You Cant Sleep at Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Anytime I was able to fall asleep, I was plagued with nightmares.I would wake up in a cold sweat, tears in my eyes, unable to escape the hateful comments my friends and family spewed at me in my dreams.â€Å"You either like boys or girls, you can’t like both†, â€Å"it’s just a phase†, â€Å"you’re just confused†, â€Å"you’re a freak†, â€Å"that’s disgusting†, â€Å"stay away from me†.After two weeks of these ‘episodes’, I not only couldn’t sleep, I was terrified to.The people in my dreams knew who I really was? I couldn’t hide from them.So I hid from the real life versions.Thewalls I had built between myself and others grew taller and thicker.Because of my insecurities, around other people, I became a version of myself Id designed to hide my sexuality. I chose to satisfy others rather than stay true to myself. It had been almost 96 hours since I had last slept and I cou ld barely function.I eventually succumbed to my body’s desperate need for rest, but not even an hour later, I woke up because of yet another nightmare.â€Å"I hate you†, â€Å"I hate you†, â€Å"I hate you†.Those three words ran through my mind repeatedly as I tried to calm my breathing and hold back my tears. I was tired of crying. I was tired of not being able to sleep.I was tired of imagining everything that could go wrong.I was tired of hiding my sexuality.I was tired of suffering in silence. So I came out.Slowly at first.I told my best friend, and when he told me he still wanted to be my friend I felt the weight I had been carrying around start to fall off of my shoulders.With each positive response I received, I grew more and more comfortable being openly bisexual.I was able to force my mind to shut down and I could sleep through the night.The nightmares became less frequent and I wasn’t constantly plagued with anxiety and self ­consciousness. I still occasionally find myself anxiously scratching my arm, or wringing my hands due to the panic attacks brought on by my fear of rejection, and there are still nights when I only sleep for an hour or two.But that’s ok, the situation I’m in has no quick fix and the more confident with myself I become, the less frequent these events occur.Slowly embracing my sexuality has taught me that accepting myself the way I am should be one of, if not the, most important parts of my life and I shouldn’t sacrifice who I am to please the opinions of others, because if they truly are important, they’ll accept me too.

Introduction to Graphic Designing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.What Industry do you aspire to work in after you graduate? 2.What does this industry do? What kind of contribution does it make to society? Does it have specific aims involving the inclusion of indigenous communities? Does this industry differ according to country? 3.How many people are involved in the Industry? What kinds of roles or professions do they have? How has the industry grown or changed since it was first established? 4.What associations or peak bodies represent this Industry? How is it viewed by the broader public? 5.What area or role might you aspire to within this industry? 6.Are there requirements for professionals within this Industry? 7.What do professionals in the field identify as valued or necessary to be successful? Interviews with a variety of professionals have been recorded for this unit and are available on Moodle. 8.You might find it useful to look at current job advertisements for the field you aspire to, looking at the skills and qualifications that are desirable. 9.You might like to consider your personality and learning style, as well as skills gained through work experience and co-curricular activities. Avoid focussing on just generic skills (e.g. teamwork) be specific to the profession you have discussed. 10.How do you know these are your strengths/weaknesses? What prior experiences have led you to think so? Answers: Industry: 1.After the successful completion of my graduate education, I will try to get a job in the graphic designing industry. Many people think that graphic designing is a very good and easy job and provides lots of free time to the person in the industry. However, according to reality the hectic and long schedules that people work in this industry can make them shift their career in some other directions. Thus, this is a challenging career for me and I am thinking of applying in this industry. 2.This industry is mainly involved in doing artistic works intended for their clients. Any logos needed for a company or some other work needs to be created by professionals and these works are provided by graphic designers. Their contribution to the society is greater in terms of perceived emotions. For example, when I walk to school, I see road signs in street about the speed limit and an artwork of a car. This creates a good impression on the people and helps them to adapt their activities (Barnard, 2013). Graphic design industry uses the aboriginal layouts in their designs if required by their clients. However, the arts are not performed by indigenous communities but aboriginal contents are provided by designers. The designs differ according to different countries. Arts in Japan are supposed to include bright and bold colors while art in Europe includes simple and clean design. 3.According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 25,513 numbers of Australians were employed as graphic designers. In Melbourne, the number of graphic designers are 232411. The job roles of this population are the graphic designers, freelance graphic designer and the graphic/packaging designer. Since the ancient times, rock or cave art was the ultimate form of graphic design (Drucker, McVarish, 2013). After that, writings in stones were the next type of graphic arts. From these to writings in books, the graphic industry took proper establishment when the market of it increased and there were requirements of businesses with logos and designs. 4.Many people completely changed the graphic designing industry. Among them, the most important one is David Carson who changed the industry with his rule breaking designs and layouts. Saul Bass is another important person in 1950 that made the most important changes by making iconic movie posters. In addition, Paula Scher was the first woman to claim the lead in Pentagram due to her unique visual arts. Professional skills: 5.I aspire to become a graphic designer in this industry. The work done by a designer is artistic in nature and thus my interest in this work. 6.A graphic designer by profession is required to maintain a certain code of ethics. This will help them to develop responsibility and integrity in their work. For a career as a graphic designer, a bachelors degree from a University or a trade school certificate is required (Heller, 2015). In case of job interviews, a portfolio is required to be showcased to the interviewer to get the job. 7.For a successful graphic designer, many skills are required. The person needs to be good at communicating with clients to present his ideas with a charm and smart manner. A passion is needed to do the work as the work is not very easy to do and requires innovative ideas. The professional also needs to have problem solving attitudes and the ability to take criticism (Heller, 2015). Clients often change their requirements and causes unrest in the professionals. 8.There are many job requirements posted in moodle.org. Using this information, I can apply for job interviews in this section. Personal skills: 9.The graphic designer jobs provide many good qualities to the worker.A designer works by using the software necessary to implement the design, which can be done at home or in the office as well. The designer needs to be creative to know the designs and requires consistency to do the work. 10The jobs intended for graphic designing can be accomplished from my home and provides. Thus, ease of work is provided, as there is software to help in designing arts in computers. The creative style of a person is brought out in this work, as the basic requirement of this job is to be creative to do the work. The information that is intended to share is easily captured by the use of artistic designs. However, there is always criticism in this job life as people always think negative things about the work (Muller, 2014). The expectations of the work perceived and the reality is very different as clients often changes their requirements and are very difficult to please. Thus, by knowing the pros and cons of this industry, I surely think that I want to display my talents in such a challenging career and I am sure to succeed in this role. References: Barnard, M. (2013).Graphic design as communication. Routledge. Drucker, J., McVarish, E. (2013).Graphic design history: A critical guide. Pearson. Heller, S. (2015).The education of a graphic designer. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.. Muller, T. (2014). Identity formation and its role in optimal human development: a psychobiographical study of artist Jackson Pollock.New Voices in Psychology,10(1), 3-15.

Tax Law Residents and Foreign Residents

Question: Define the Tax Law for the Residents and Foreign Residents in Australia. Answer: Part 1 Fred, in the given situation will not be taxed in a manner same as the manner in which a resident would be taxed. Individuals in Australia are to be considered as resident for purposes of tax if they are residents of Australia under common law (ordinary meaning test or the common law); or if the domicile is that of Australia, unless to the satisfaction the place of permanent abode is established as not being in Australia (the test of domicile); or if the person is in Australia either intermittently or continuously for more than half of the income year, unless it is to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that it is not in Australia that the usual place of abode is and it is clear that there is no intention of taking up residence here (the 183 days test); or is the Commonwealth superannuation schemes member (Section 6, Australian Income Tax Assessment Act 1936) (Australian income tax assessment act 1936-1974, 1975). The main concept behind this is that the residence of the taxpayer is where the home is of that tax payer (Clinton, 2016). Whether the home of the tax payer is in Australia is a question of fact and if the same is found to be true than there is no requirement of moving any further. In the case of Levene v IRC (Levene v IRC [1928]) Viscount LC defined the term reside a established the meaning as defined under the Oxford English Dictionary meaning the permanent dwelling or for a considerable period of time, to have an individuals usual abode or ones settlement, to live at or in a certain place. The determination of the fact that a man has his usual abode or is settled there is not difficult, and if the same is established he would not become less of a citizen if he has left the country for pleasure or business (Ato.gov.au, 2016). The ATO issued the Taxing Ruling TR 98/17 to interpret the ordinary meaning of a resident (Wills 1997). The relevant factors are identified that whether a person who is entering the country is under the ordinary meaning a resident. The persons behaviors character and quality and the period for which they are present physically are a factor (Ato.gov.au, 2016). The character and quality of a person are indicated through secondary factors. Intention is the first main factor or the persons presences purpose. The ruling differentiates between a persons coming to Australia for employment purposes, travelling and education, albeit while doing work that is casual. The persons location of family is the second factor whether the person maintains outside his place of abode, business ties that he has in Australia and the contract of employments existence, particularly purchase and occupation of a house which may establish his home in the country. The living and social arrangements is the fourth factor which is an indicative of residence which include the childrens education, joining of club, leasing of a house. Any resident under the Taxation Ruling TR 98/17 would be considered to be a resident when he has crossed the stay period of six months and have begun demonstrating behavior which is constant with residence in Australia. Fred will not be thus classified as a resident as the main factor of residence is only not complied with; he has only for setting up his companys branch in the country. Other than this there is no intention of settling in Australia, further within the first year only he has returned back to Australia indicating that no behavior was demonstrated by him maintaining a residence in country. Part 2 California Cooper Syndicate Ltd. v Harris (Survey or of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 This case the main objective of the company was of acquiring of land that contained copper. There however, was no extraction of copper from the land. Subsequently this land was sold by the company to another company and as consideration the company was given the shares of that company (California Cooper Syndicate Ltd. v Harris (Survey or of Taxes), [1904]). It was opined by the court that the revenue generated from the lands sale is in nature income because the companys main purpose behind the land was for making profit by selling the land. Therefore, this would form an incident which is ordinary of the business of taxpayers and the nature of it would be income. Scottish Australian Mining Co. Ltd. FC of T 1950 81 CLR 188 This case the business which was being carried out by the company was that of coal mining on the parcel of land that was owned by it. After the company had extracted the entire coal from the said parcel of land over a period of time, the decision was made by it to sell this piece of land (Scottish Australian Mining Co. Ltd. FC of T, [1950]). To ensure that the land becomes more capable of being sold it was subdivided by the company and there were roads and such other infrastructure which was built on the land. It was opined by the court in this case that the profit which the company had made from the lands sale cannot be assessed since the business of the company was not of selling land and the purpose merely for selling the said piece of land was for realizing its capital asset to the best possible advantage of itself that it could. The nature of the profit was thus in nature capital. FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR This case the company was a taxpayer which had been incorporated mainly for the purpose of acquiring of a parcel of undeveloped land which was located at the Whitfords Beach (FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd, [1982]). It was beach frontage access that the land had and a company was formed by a group of people so that they could have over the beach an access to be able to fish there. A few years later due to an offer which had been made to them, the issued share capital of the company, which was a taxpayer, was sold off. The shareholders who had bought the shares from the previous owners so that they are able to get the lands control and that they would be able to subdivide, develop and the sell the sites as residential and make a profit out of it. Eventually when this subdivided land was sold, it was argued by the new shareholders that the profit that was accrued from the sale was not in nature income but the capital asset realization of the company. However, it was opined the High Court that the companys development of the land and the eventual sale business and the profits which were accruing from this sale would be assessed as being ordinary income. It was further stated by the court that when the new shareholders had acquired this company the main intention that they had was they would develop, subdivide and eventually sell the land, thus changing the intention from that of the previous owners which had been for purposes that were non-commercial in nature. Thus the court held that it would be the business ordinary course of activity that the sale of land would fall into and therefore it would be an income which is assessable. Statham Anor. v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 This case a deceased estates trustees were the taxpayers. A parcel of land, which was for farming, had been acquired by this deceased with the intention that the family would be raised and some farm activities would be engaged with (Statham Anor. v FC of T, [1989]). The deceased a few years later sold the half portion of this land to company which was being controlled by the members of the family. Till this time also there was no intention which was there for reselling of the said property and making a profit out of such sale. A partnership was entered into by the new owners to raise on this land, cattle. There was no good performance that the partnership showed and it was eventually decided by the owners that they would subdivide this land and then sell it. During the time of the sale of land which was subdivided the deceased passed away. It was argued by the commissioner that the profit generated from the subdivided lands sale some of the land were income which was assessable of t he estate who had deceased. It was however, argued by the tax payers that the proceeds which were obtained from the sale of the land would not amount to income which was ordinary. The courts opined that the profit that would be generated from the sale of the land would not amount to ordinary income since, the parties activities indicated that the sale of the land was not for the conducting of business or for the generation of profit scheme or undertaking. Further, it was only because the business of farming and the partnership for cattle had failed that the decision had been taken by the owners for selling the land, this does not however, mean that it would automatically lead to the realization of the asset to become taxable. Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 This case a farming property had been acquired by the taxpayer from his father and for the next twenty years he carried out on this land the business of primary production (Casimaty v FC of T 97, [1997]) . However, because of the debt that was growing and the poor health, it was decided by the taxpayer subsequently that he would subdivide and sell the lands large portion off. Over a period of 18 years a total of 8 subdivisions were made and roads, sewerage, fences and water facilities were constructed by the tax payer as the subdivisions part. It was contended by the commissioner that the profits which had accrued from the individual blocks sale were in nature ordinary income and thus they would be assessable on the basis that the business of subdivision of land was being carried out by the taxpayer. The court however, on appeal opined that the profits that had accrued from the sale were merely that capital assets realization and there was no business of land subdivision that was bei ng carried out by the taxpayer. Tax payer had acquired the land originally for farming purposes and for using it as a private residency and no evidence was available there that there was a change in this purpose. Mona Sand Pty Ltd. v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 This case the company had acquired a land which was located in Adelaide. A couple of years later a company acquired this land and the intention that had been stated was for the business of selling and/or working of the sand which was there (Mona Sand Pty Ltd. v FC of T, [1988]). After an application was received that the government wished to mine this land that was owned by them. A number of letters were then sent by the taxpayer stating their objection for the same. It was stated by them that the land had been held by them with the aim of subdividing and then selling it. It was later discovered by the taxpayer that the government had rezoned this land as being rural and there was later an intention of the Government for preserving this land was discovered. The Government eventually resumed that said land for a cost of $500,000. The payment of this amount was made in two tranches. It was contended by the Commissioner that this amount was the taxpayers ordinary income, since the tax p ayer had stated its intention of subdividing and selling the property for a profit. It was however argued by the taxpayer that the acquiring of the parcel of land was initially only for selling of sand and later sometime they had thought of subdividing it. Therefore there existed both an intention to be able to derive from the said land income and also to be able to sell this land at a later stage. The court however, opined that the amount which they had was ordinary income, since though it was through a transaction that was isolated that this amount was received, the ultimate intention of the taxpayer for selling this land was still indicated by it. Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 This case there a large amount of money which had been borrowed by a farmer for purchasing five blocks of land over a ten year period. This land was for some time used for the purposes of grazing, farming and for crop cultivation (Crow v FC of T, [1988]). However, eventually there was subdivision of this land. For the starting two years and then over a period of number of year there were 51 blocks which had been sold by the taxpayer eventually and he made a net profit overall of $388,288. It was opined by the Federal Court that, the profit which had been made by the taxpayer was assessable as a business of land development was being carried out by him. The court although, did acknowledge that for a short period of time at the very beginning where the use of the land was as a farm. However, evidence was found considering the amount of debt that had been taken by him that at the outset the taxpayer knew that it would be required to sell some of the land off. There was a systematic and repetitive characteristic of the transactions which were there in the said case with the purchasing of different properties and then subsequently subdividing and selling the parcels of land. There was difference that was made in this case and the Scottish Australian Mining Company case stating that the company had used the property for mining for a substantial period of time unlike this case where the business of farming was continued for only a short period of time. McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 The taxpayers in this case had purchased a plot of land. There was an old house on this land. This house was removed by the taxpayers and there were three townhouses that were constructed in this place. Even before these townhouses were completed they were advertised for sale. This was however, not a success (McCurry Anor v FC of T, [1998]). The Tax payer and his family moved into two of the townhouses subsequently and lived there for a period of one year approximately, they were sold at this point of time and total net profit which was made was of $150,000 approximately. The taxpayers a few years later then purchased another parcel of land where units were constructed by them and these were then sold. It was contended by the Commissioner that the profits which accrued from the townhouses sale were income that was ordinarily assessable as it was a result of a profit making activity which was commercial in nature. It was argued by the taxpayers that the sale of the land was merely to realize the capital asset and therefore could not be classified as ordinary income since, these townhouses were being used for residential purposes and it was only when there were financial difficulties that it was sold. It was opined by the court that the lands sale was ordinary income because the purpose with which the land had been acquired was commercial and the view behind it was for making profit for selling it. It was not for an investment purpose that the land was purchased and hence cannot be stated to be realization of capital asset. References Ato.gov.au. (2016).Examples of residents and foreign residents | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/In-detail/Residency/Examples-of-residents-and-foreign-residents/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Residency tests | Australian Taxation Office. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/Work-out-your-tax-residency/Residency-tests/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Australian income tax assessment act 1936-1974. (1975). North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia Ltd. California Cooper Syndicate Ltd. v Harris (Survey or of Taxes)[1904]5 TC 159. Casimaty v FC of T 97[1997]ATC 5135. Clinton, A. (2016).; Bentley, Duncan; James, Simon --- "The New Zealand Definition of "Residence" for Individuals: Lessons for Australia in a "Global" Environment" [2001] JlATax 1; (2001) 4(1) Journal of Australian Taxation 40. [online] Austlii.edu.au. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JlATax/2001/1.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Crow v FC of T[1988]88 ATC 4620. FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd[1982]150 CLR. Levene v IRC[1928]AC 217. McCurry Anor v FC of T[1998]98 ATC 4487. Mona Sand Pty Ltd. v FC of T[1988]88 ATC 4897. Scottish Australian Mining Co. Ltd. FC of T[1950]81 CLR 188. Statham Anor. v FC of T[1989]ATC 4070. Wills, M. (1997). The Income Tax Implications of a Foreign Individual Contracting to do Business in Australia, with Particular Reference to the Concepts of 'Residence' and 'Source'.Bond Law Review, 3.

RNA Interference an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

RNA Interference RNA interference is an accepted mechanism for suppressing gene expression. This anti-viral response can be exploited to permit to specific reticence of the intention of any chosen target genes as well as those concerned in causing diseases such as cancer, AIDS and hepatitis (Downward, 2004). It is already imposing as a very useful research tool which allows for faster characterization of the intention of the known genes. More importantly, it augments efficient genomics to assist in the uncovering of novel genes concerned in the disease development. Many peopleboth scientists and laymanare gambling that it can be used as an valuable therapeutic strategy to suppress the actions of the target cells (source of disease) (Downward, 2004). Need essay sample on "RNA Interference" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm not getting closer to completing that type essay by the time due. Somebody save me from losing control! Click On Order Button And Get Ready To Be Impressed Paper Writing Service Buy Written Essays Best Essay Writing Service College Essay Writing Service Histoplasma capsulatum is a pathogenic fungus that is that contributory agent of histoplasmosis which is one of the most common fungal respiratory illnesses in the world. In an experiment conducted by Bohse and Woods in 2007, it was found out that the YPS3 gene of the fungus predetermines a protein that is both surface-constrained in the cell wall and is released into a medium that was made up of agarose and supplemental FeSO4. (Bohse whereas in this case, it was 37C and apparently, it showcased normal virulence in a raw cell line (Bohse & Woods, 2007). Meanwhile, in another model of infection, the mutants yielded a significant reduction in fungal burdens, principally in the peripheral phagocyte-rich tissues of the liver and spleen (Bohse & Woods, 2007). Within 3 days, the imperfection in the organ colonization was observable and it aggravated at later time points (Bohse & Woods, 2007). There is an association of YPS3 gene expression with the pathogenicity since only the most potent strains of the specimens express it (Bohse & Woods, 2007). Experiments that were done at certain times revealed that the control strain either amplified or persisted fungal burdens in the lungs, liver and spleen during the sequence of the infection over the course of the experiment(Bohse & Woods, 2007). With the RNA interference mutants, the disease levels in all the organs diminished which then only shows a relationship with the beginning of obtained immunity and may be consistent with YSP3 participation in some aspect of the process (Bohse & Woods, 2007). For plummeting the fungal burdens and promotion of organ clearance, an acquired resistance, production of cytokines gamma interferon and tumor necrosis for factor alpha served to be of great importance (Bohse & Woods, 2007). RNA interference does not only work or is helpful in suppressing respiratory diseases but also, it plays a vital role in helping biologists to silence the expression of some cells that might be of great danger to our health including cancer, AIDS, etc. In the experiment that was scrutinized above, biologists focused on the suppression of YPS3 gene that serves as a vector of histoplasmosis; which is an inflammatory disease. This was made possible with the help of RNA interference which they used as a mechanism to silence its expression. This experiment only proves that RNA interference is an important tool to counter act the possible appalling effects of the gene that we want to suppress. Although it is a very effective tool, it would not be so great if there will be no bacteriophage to assist the whole operation. In short, RNA interference cannot work by itself; it has to have an assistant so that it can effectively work. RNA interference is a major breakthrough in the world of science and medicine. Because of such discovery, scientists are able to manipulate the genetic composition of cells that contain genes that are harmful not just on humans but on the bigger scale, even on our environment. There is hope in the future that it will be very useful in curing some diseases that are very hard to cure these days and there is no denying that it will not be very soon. References: Bohse, M. L., & Woods, J. P. (2007). RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of the YPS3 Gene of Histoplasma capsulatum Reveals Virulence Defects [Electronic Version]. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1932869 Downward, J. (2004). RNA interference [Electronic Version]. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=416605